As retrotransposon sequences are frequently near one other in inverted orientation, PBS sequences are accessible when used for DNA amplification for most eukaryotic species with large genomes, such as plants and animals. Sequences of the PBS region are complementary to at least 12 nucleotides of the tRNA sequences, which are sufficient for use as PCR primers. Highly conserved repeat sequences for these retrotransposons include the tRNA priming binding site (PBS) when initializing retrotransposon replication. These interspersed repeat sequences arise from various families of long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons that have replicated through RNA reverse transcription and integration of resultant cDNA into another locus. Most disseminated repeats with one other during inter- and intrachromosomal recombination, which leads to the formation of inverted repeats that are close to one other and allow PCR amplification. The assessment of genetic intraspecific diversity using mobile genetic elements or other interspersed repeats is simple and accessible as RAPD. These methods are based on interspersed repeat sequences and are an effective approach to assess the biological diversity of hosts and their variability. Various PCR-based DNA fingerprinting methods are used to detect chromosomal changes related to recombination processes of mobile genetic elements. This phytopathogen as a complex group shows significant differences in cultural, molecular, and biochemical properties, and pathogenicity.įundamental components of all eukaryote genomes include mobile genetic elements and other interspersed repeats that can activate under stress conditions and indirectly promote survival under environmental stresses. is an important and difficult-to-treat group among the myriad of fungal pathogens and associated with damping off, root rot, wirestem, foot rot, and the head rot disease complex of brassicas, which result in economic yield losses. Cruciferous vegetables in the family of Brassicaceae are cultivated throughout the world however, they suffer from various bacterial, fungal, protozoan, and viral diseases. Red cabbage in Samsun province has about 52.266 da of a total cultivation area and 192.219 tons of annual production, accounting for 57% of the country’s total production. alba), which are responsible for 4.5% of total vegetable production in Turkey. acephala), radish ( Raphanus sativus), red cabbage ( B. The most common cultivated species of the brassicas are broccoli ( Brassica oleracea var. This is the first comprehensive study of Rhizoctonia isolates in red cabbage using a molecular approach to assess genetic diversity using iPBS-amplified DNA profiling. The results indicate that the most prevalent and aggressive AGs of Rhizoctonia are devastating pathogens to red cabbage, which means that rotation with nonhost-crops for these AGs may be the most effective control strategy. Redriver and Remale were moderately susceptible, while Rescue, Travero, Integro, and Rondale were susceptible to the AG 5 isolate. In the pathogenicity assay of six red cabbage cultivars, one isolate for each AG was tested using a similar method, and all cultivars were susceptible to AG 4 HG-I and AG 4 HG-III isolates. Rondale), the disease severity index was between 3.33 and 4.0 for multinucleate AG isolates and ranged from 2.5 to 3.17 for AG-A isolates. In the greenhouse experiment with representative isolates ( n = 24) from AGs on red cabbage (cv. The unweighted pair group method phylogenetic tree resulting from the data of 68 isolates with the inter-PBS amplification DNA profiling method based on interspersed retrotransposon element sequences confirmed the differentiation of AGs with a higher resolution. The most prevalent anastomosis group (AG) was AG 4 (84%), which was subdivided into AG 4 HG-I (81%) and AG 4 HG-III (3%), followed by AG 5 (10%) and AG-A (6%), respectively. Based on the sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region located between the 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA genes and including nuclear staining, these 124 isolates were assigned to multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani, and eight were binucleate Rhizoctonia. A total of 132 Rhizoctonia isolates were recovered from red cabbage plants with root rot and wirestem symptoms in the province of Samsun (Turkey) between 20.
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